ÿþ<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//WC3//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html><head> <TITLE>Pattaya1.com |Public | HIV / AIDs 2</TITLE> <meta name="robots" content="nofollow"> <meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow"> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en-us"> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://pattaya1.com/favicon.ico" /> <link href="2xs.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </HEAD><BODY bgcolor=#212121 topmargin="0" leftmargin="0" rightmargin="0" scroll=auto><table width="100%" height=40px bgcolor="#212121"><tr><td align=left bgcolor="#212121" width=50%> <img height=40 width=350 src="images/pleasure50.gif" alt="Pattaya 2Xs Independent Escort Referrals" title="Pattaya 2Xs Independent Escort Referrals" ></td><td width=50% align=bottom><br><center><font size=1 face="verdana,arial" color=silver>HIV / AIDs 2</font></center></td></tr></table><br><blockquote><a href="javascript:history.go(-1)" style="text-decoration:none"><img border="0" src="images/close.gif"></a></blockquote><CENTER> <table border="0" cellpadding="15" cellspacing="0" width="98%" bgcolor=#212121 align=center><tr><td> <font size=1 face="verdana,arial" color=silver><font color="#ff9428"><B>HIV / AIDs II</b></font><P> <B>Information for Prospective Clients</B><P> AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by the HIV-1 virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). <P> There are many sub-types of HIV virus, HIV subtype A, subtype B, and on thru subtype F, plus a subtype O, much like hepatitus has hep-A, hep-B, etc., and this may make HIV in Thailand significantly different from HIV in the west. In Thailand, the primary means of transmission of HIV is by heterosexual sex, <u>overwhelmingly HIV subtype E</u>. A second group is intravenous drug users (IDU's), most of whom are infected with HIV subtype B, the subtype most common in western homosexuals and IDU's, and which is apparently difficult to transmit heterosexually. <P> In the west, the prevalent HIV subtype B has as its primary means of transmission: anal sex (due to the abrasions of an unlubricated and tight tract which give the virus access to the blood), intravenous drug use (needle sharing between drug users), blood transfusions, hemophilia (people who need blood transfusions and who got donated blood with HIV before the hospitals could detect HIV), and with heterosexual transmission accounting for only about 10% of all cases. <u>Subtype E is found in only a tiny minority of cases in the west, and is often traceable to travellers from Thailand</u>. <P> For more than two decades, Thailand has had HIV subtypes B and E. However, it is subtype E which has risen in the heterosexual population. This has suggested that there are significantly different degrees of contagiousness between the two subtypes as regards heterosexual transmission. <P><i> It might be a common deadly mistake by western men to have unprotected sex with men or women in Thailand based on a lack of education and understanding of the difference between HIV subtype B in the west and HIV subtype E in southeast Asia.</i> <P> Southeast Asia predominantly has subtype E, whereas other regions of the world have different predominant subtypes. Thailand has a mix of two subtypes, subtype B and subtype E. Subtype B is mainly found in northern Thailand among intravenous drug users. Subtype E is what is predominantly found among women and heterosexuals. For example, a Chulalongkorn University clinic in Bangkok which had large numbers of HIV enrolled patients for studies found that 92% of male heterosexuals were infected with HIV subtype E, whereas 79% of intravenous drug users (IDU's) were infected with subtype B. (In both cases, practically all the rest were infected with the other subtype of HIV.) <P> Sexual intercourse is abundant in many countries in Asia and the world, yet the percentage of the population in Thailand that are HIV carriers (approximately 2%) appears much higher than in other places with abundant sex, after adjusting for per capita infection rates. <P> A research report at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, has an analysis that concludes: "<u>it has been estimated that the heterosexual HIV transmission rate in Thailand (where subtype E predominates) is fifty-fold higher than that observed in USA and Europe (where subtype B predominates)</u>." <P> One of the best medical web research sites (geared for physicians) has an in-depth research report conducted in Thailand, which reports: "One of the earliest studies suggesting differences in efficiency of transmission among HIV-1 subtypes was a cross-sectional seroprevalence study of HIV-1, presumed subtype E, in Thai military conscripts infected by Thai women. Using mathematical modeling, researchers estimated that the probability of female-to-male HIV-1 transmission per sexual contact was approximately 1 in 30 to 50 contacts; previous estimates for HIV-1 subtype B were estimated at 1 in 500 to 1000 contacts. A second Thai study compared serodiscordance in couples in which the index case was either infected with subtype E from contact or subtype B from intravenous drug use (IVDU). After controlling for factors known to affect transmissibility (eg, STDs, advanced disease), subtype E was associated with a much higher rate of seroconcordance, suggesting a difference in the intrinsic properties of the subtypes, with <u>enhanced heterosexual transmission in HIV-1 subtype E</u>. One recently published report suggested that this apparent enhanced heterosexual transmission of subtype E may be due to increased replication in Langerhans' cells, which are located in the vaginal mucosa and may be the cell types that first become infected during heterosexual transmission of HIV-1.<br><font size=1 face=arial>(See revised information immediately below)</font><P> <I>Langerhans' cells have been observed in foreskin, vaginal, and oral mucosa of humans; the lower concentrations in oral mucosa suggest that it is <u>not a likely source of HIV infection</u> relative to foreskin and vaginal mucosa. On March 4, 2007 the online Nature Medicine magazine published the letter "Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells",[3] written by Dutch scientists which claims "that Langerin is able to scavenge viruses from the surrounding environment, thereby preventing infection"</I><P> The data from these studies, and the predominance of HIV-1 subtype B in the Americas and Europe where homosexuality/bisexuality is the major risk behavior, have led some investigators to conclude that subtype B is less efficiently transmitted heterosexually than the other subtypes, particularly subtype E."<P> Reference Info: http://www.medscape.com <P> Reports that analyzed only HIV in general, without specifying the subtype, are apparently not completely applicable to situations in Thailand. <P> Overall a Bangkok hospital which has the subtype statistics for more than 2000 HIV infected patients, approximately 82% have subtype E (95% of subtype E infections contracted heterosexually), and approximately 13% have subtype B (70% of subtype B infections contracted by intravenous drug use). (Reference: RetroConference 1999.) Stated differently, non-IDU's (i.e., heterosexuals, homosexuals and hemophiliacs who do not inject drugs) accounted for approx. 30% (85/284) of subtype B infections, but approx. 95% (1723/1820) of subtype E infections. <P> It has been determined in general that HIV is more easily transmitted when another sexually transmitted disease is present. How much this applies to subtype B vs. subtype E is not clear at this point, since subtype B appears to need access to the blood more than subtype E, and thus may need to take advantage of herpes lesions, inflammation of the urethra due to other STD's such as chlamydia, NSU, or gonorrhea, or skin lesions, etc. <P> In any case, to compare the chances of getting HIV by unprotected sex in the west vs. the chances in Thailand are not comparable due to factors including the following: <P><blockquote> 1. HIV subtype E vs. HIV subtype B<br> 2. The higher percentage of HIV carriers in Thailand<br> 3. The preponderance of other STD's such as NSU which increase transmissibility<br> </blockquote><P> The best protection against HIV, besides, no sex - which is unnatural, is a slow relaxing covered handjob or oral sex. Condoms are an effective protection against HIV. <P> Subtype E does NOT require blood-to-blood contact to transmit itself. Based on research studies, scientists have found that <u>subtype E attacks the Langerhans cells (LC) at the skin surface</u>, particularly those located in the penis foreskin and on the surfaces of oral and genital mucosa, with HIV subtype E infecting and reproducing itself multiple times more quickly than other strains of HIV. Subtype B prevalent in the US and Europe doesn't seem to have ever had the same viral sequences as subtype E for transmission this way. <P>For your safety and of the working ladies practice safe sex ... and not "Russian Roulette".<p> <font size=1 face=arial>from avent.org, medscape.com, thiaguru.com</font></body></html>